9/2016: books & articles on commons, workers' control, Venezuela...
http://www.azzellini.net - facebook: Dario Azzellini
9/2016, Dario Azzellini's newsletter in English
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0. Before
1. New Books:
"Communes and Workers' Control in Venezuela Building 21st Century Socialism from Below" (Brill, Nov. 2016)
"An Alternative Labour History. Worker Control and Workplace Democracy" (Zed Books, 2015)
"La construcción de los dos lados. Poder constituido y poder constituyente en Venezuela" (El Perro y la Rana, 2015)
2. Academic articles: Book chapters and journal articles (English/German/Italian)
Labour as a Commons and more...
3. Reviews (English)
4. Documentaries: "Occupy, Resist, Produce – Vio.Me." by Dario Azzellini and Oliver Ressler, 30 min., 2015 (English/Deutsch/Italiano/Greek/Español)
5. Interviews and press articles (English/Serbian)
6. Videos/Audios (English/Deutsch)
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0. Before
Hello!
Again quiet a while without newsletter...
I am now in NY and will stay here until the end of December at the Murphy Institute (CUNY labor studies).
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Critical Sociology published my article on "Labour as a Commons"! (see 2)
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I am happy to announce that my new book on Venezuela "Communes and Workers' Control in Venezuela. Building 21st Century Socialism from Below" will be published by Brill in November and a few months later at a much cheaper price by Haymarket as paperback (see 1).
The book covers the time between 1998 and 2014. Nevertheless, even in the midth of the multiple crisis Venezuela is suffering, which is fostered by the low oil prices, the violence of the opposition, the economic war waged by private entrepreneurs, political and economic attacks by the US, corruption and missing counter measures by the government... the positive examples of how to overcome the crisis and the capitalist rentist and extracitvist model come from the communes and the initiatives in favor of workers control.
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The situation in Venezuela is quiet bad. The crisis is hitting especially the 80% with lower income, while the 20% of the population which has access to us dolars or commodities to speculate with, is living a party with very low prices because of the high inflation.
Nevertheless, it's good to put some things into perspective, what the media propaganda obviously does not do.
- Venezuela is not the only country in crisis and recession, almost all Latin American countries face a crisis.
- Millions participate in protests, blockades and occupations in Argentina and Brazil, nevertheless you cannot find any news in the international media. In Venezuela since the elections at the the end of 2015 the opposition has not been able to mobilize more than 4.000 people to its protests. It is a fact that the majority of the Venezuelan people does not trust the governments to solve the crisis and even less.
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On a gobal scale we can generally observe how the elites are totally failing regarding their intentions and how they are messing up everything. While in the 1970s and 1980s they had clear ideas and plans for changes that would bring forward a concrete social and political project (obviosly one I do not agree at all with), today they do not have any clue how to face the multiple crisis... wars, refugees, Brexit, "cold" coup d'etat in Brazil, relgious-fascist authoritarianism in Turkey, ISIS/Daesh, authoritarianism, militarization and repressive polic estate in most European countries, Trump in the USA, almost 50% of the votes for a fascist head of state candidate in Austria... On the other hand the media does not inform on (and does not even mention) the massive popular and leftist protests against the effects of the multiple crisis: While in France demonstrations, strikes and blockades against the labow law reform went on for months, the international media focussed on three dozen russian and british hooligans beating up each other; while in Brazil, Argentina and Chile millions protest, the protests are not mentioned by the international press...
We are living turbulent times, things can go into one or the other direction. No reformism will help us, nor to court social democracy. Radical times ask for radical solutions.
Stay rude, stay rebel, stay human... we will win!
Dario Azzellini
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1. New Books (English/Spanish):
Dario Azzellini: Communes and Workers' Control in Venezuela. Building 21st Century Socialism from Below. Novermber 2016, Brill.
In Communes and Workers' Control in Venezuela: Building 21st Century Socialism from Below, Dario Azzellini offers an account of the Bolivarian Revolution from below. While authors on Venezuela commonly concentrate on former president Hugo Chávez and government politics, this book shows how workers, peasants and the poor in urban communities engage in building 21st century socialism through popular movements, communal councils, communes and fighting for workers' control. In a relationship of cooperation and conflict with the state, social transformation is approached on 'two tracks', from below and from above. Azzellini’s fascinating account stands out because of the extensive empirical examples and original voices from movements, communal councils, communes and workers.
Out in November 2016 with Brill and a bit later as paperback with Haymarket.
Read more and see table of content:
http://www.brill.com/products/book/communes-and-workers-control-venezuela
http://www.azzellini.net/node/2948
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"An Alternative Labour History. Worker Control and Workplace Democracy"
The global financial crisis has led to a new shop floor militancy. Radical forms of protest and new workers' takeovers have sprung-up all over the globe. In the US, Republic Windows and Doors started production under worker control in January 2013, later that year workers in Greece took over and managed, on their own, a hotel, a hospital, a newspaper, a TV channel and a factory.
The dominant revolutionary left has viewed workers' control as part of a system necessary during a transition to socialism. Yet most socialist and communist parties have neglected to promote workers' control as it challenges the centrality of parties and it is in this spirit that trade unions, operating through the institutional frameworks of government, have held a monopoly over labor history.
Tracing Marx's writings on the Paris Commune through council communism, anarcho-syndicalism, Italian operaismo, and other 'heretical' left currents, this book uncovers the practices and intentions of historical and contemporary autonomous workers' movements that have been largely obscured until now....
George Ciccariello-Maher, Drexel University, author of "We created Chávez":
'Dario Azzellini has emerged as arguably the most important contemporary analyst of worker self-management. Casting a critical eye toward non-revolutionary forms of workers' control, Azzellini and the contributors to this volume enrich our understanding while pressing us ever more toward the radical and transformative experiences in workplace management that have become a resurgent hallmark of our moment.'
Read more and see table of content:
http://www.zedbooks.co.uk/node/20812
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Read chapter 2: Contemporary Crisis and Workers Control
Chapter taken from “An Alternative Labour History” | Edited by Dario Azzellini and published by Zed Books
During the first decade of the current century, factory occupations and production under workers’ control seemed to be limited mainly to South America, with a few exceptions in Asia...
http://www.azzellini.net/node/2851
http://theoccupiedtimes.org/?p=13729
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"La construcción de los dos lados. Poder constituido y poder constituyente en Venezuela" [2 Volumenes], El Perro y la Rana, 2015
Dario Azzellini: La construcción de los dos lados: poder constituido y poder constituyente en Venezuela
Con la presente obra, el autor estudia el proceso de transformación social en Venezuela entre 1999 y 2009. Se propone un análisis sobre la extensión de la participación popular en el Estado y en la sociedad, ubicando la mirada hacia las tensiones y contradicciones que se generan en este proceso “de dos lados” (poder constituido por un lado y poder constituyente por otro) con base en una detenida revisión del desarrollo y práctica de la “democracia participativa y protagónica” a partir del primer estudio empírico a fondo sobre los Consejos Comunales y sus efectos en las comunidades. ¿Qué contradicciones y conflictos se generan de la particularidad del proceso venezolano por seguir caminos y estrategias “desde arriba” y “desde abajo” al mismo tiempo? ¿Es posible abrir una perspectiva emancipadora de esta manera? Con estas preguntas, el estudio del proceso venezolano que se da en este libro no está motivado solamente por un interés académico, sino también por un profundo interés político para buscar y pensar las posibilidades de cambios radicales en la construcción de nuevas
Descargar pdf:
http://www.elperroylarana.gob.ve/serie-biblioteca-roja/431-la-construcci...
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2.Academic articles: Book chapters and journal articles (English/German/Italian)
Azzellini, Dario (2016): "Labour as a Commons: The Example of Worker-Recuperated Companies". In: Critical Sociology, 1–14, DOI: 10.1177/0896920516661856.
This article argues that labour can be understood as a commons, located in the discussion of how commons can advance the transformation of social relations and society. To manage labour as a commons entails a shift away from the perception of labour power as the object of capital’s value practices, towards a notion of labour power as a collectively and sustainably managed resource for the benefit of society. Given that social change is largely a result of social struggle, it is crucial to examine germinal forms of labour as a commons present in society. I focus my analysis on worker-recuperated companies in Latin America and Europe. Worker-recuperated companies are enterprises self-managed by their workers after the owners close them down. Despite operating within the hegemonic capitalist market, they do not adopt capitalist rationality and are proven viable. Worker-recuperated companies offer a new perspective on labour as a commons.
http://crs.sagepub.com/content/early/2016/08/05/0896920516661856.abstrac...
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Azzellini, Dario (2016): “The Communal State (Venezuela): Communal Councils and Workplace Democracy”. In: DuRand, Cliff (Editor): Moving Beyond Capitalism. New York: Routledge.
The book speaks to the widespread quest for concrete alternative ways forward 'beyond capitalism' in the face of the prevailing corporatocracy and a capitalist system in crisis. It examines a number of institutions and practices now being built in the nooks and crannies of present societies and that point beyond capitalism toward a more equal, participatory, and democratic society – institutions such as cooperatives, public banks, the commons, economic democracy. This seminal collection of critical studies draws on academic and activist voices from the U.S. and Canada, Mexico, Cuba, and Argentina, and from a variety of theoretical-political perspectives – Marxism, anarchism, feminism, and Zapatismo.
http://www.azzellini.net/node/2951
https://www.routledge.com/Moving-Beyond-Capitalism/DuRand/p/book/9781472...
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Worker Control and Workplace Democracy. An Alternative Labour History. In: dérive, October 2015
Over the past 135 years, in all kinds of historical situations and during various political and economic crises and in different political systems, workers have taken control of their workplaces. Yet this story of workers self-administered production is rarely told. Capitalists, bourgeois governments and administrators of systems based on the exploitation of workers usually have little interest in disseminating the history of self-organized workers; those who have successfully run factories without bosses. In the early 20th century workers tried to gain control over production in social and socialist revolutions, like those in Austria, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Russia and Spain, and under state socialism, as in Yugoslavia, Poland or Hungary; they did so as well in anti- colonial struggles and democratic revolutions in Argentina, Algeria, Indonesia and Portugal, to just name a few examples.
Continue reading:
http://www.azzellini.net/node/2912
http://www.derive.at/index.php?p_case=2&id_cont=1340&issue_No=61
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A Preview of the Future. Workers’ Control in the Context of a Global Systemic Crisis. Dario Azzellini and Oliver Ressler. In: Utopian Pulse: Flares in the Darkroom, Pluto Press. London, 2015
Originating in a bold exhibition at the Secession in Vienna, this book examines moments in social and cultural life where there are glimpses of utopia, where other possibilities of being are imagined and even partially realised
http://www.azzellini.net/node/2852
http://utopian-pulse.org/
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Besetzen, Widerstand leisten, produzieren. Betriebsbesetzungen in Argentinien, Brasilien, Uruguay und Venezuela
2015, JOURNAL FÜR ENTWICKLUNGSPOLITIK: Gewerkschaftsarbeit in Nord und Süd, Volume XXXI • Issue 2
Der Beitrag betrachtet die Besetzung von Betrieben und die Übernahme der Produktion durch die Beschäftigten in Argentinien, Brasilien, Uruguay und, in geringerem Maße, Venezuela. Dabei werden die „Rückeroberten Betrieben unter Arbeiterkontrolle“ (RBA) als mögliche Wiederbelebung von Arbeitskämpfen analysiert und sowohl Differenzen zu den dominanten gewerkschaftlichen Herangehensweisen und Praktiken als auch die Unterschiede zu herkömmlichen Genossenschaften herausgearbeitet.
http://www.azzellini.net/akademische-veroeffentlichungen/besetzen-widers...
http://www.mattersburgerkreis.at/site/de/publikationen/jep/alleausgabena...
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Paramilitarismus in Kolumbien – Der illegale bewaffnete Arm der Eliten und des Kapitals.
Der Paramilitarismus ist ein strategisches Projekt und ein integraler Bestandteil des Staates
Die Paramilitärs in Kolumbien sind der bewaffnete Arm der Eliten, der von allen staatlichen Behörden, auf sämtlichen Verwaltungsebenen und in allen sozialen Schichten unterstützt wird oder damit verwoben ist. Sie wurden mithilfe der kolumbianischen Armee, mehrerer kolumbianischer und US-amerikanischer Geheimdienste und von Söldnern gebildet. Der Paramilitarismus ist ein strategisches Projekt und ein integraler Bestandteil des Staates. Die Paramilitärs spielen eine zentrale Rolle bei der Durchsetzung eines kapitalistischen neoliberalen Wirtschafts- und Gesellschaftsmodells mit enormen Verdienstspannen.
22.06.2016, amerika21.de
Der Beitrag ist erschienen in Ugalde, Alexander; Freytter-Florian, Jorge (Hg.): "Gegenwart und Zulunft Kolumbiens in Zeiten der Hoffnung" (Presente y futuro de Colombia en tiempos de esperanzas). Donostia: Servicio Editorial de la Universidad del País Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU)
http://www.azzellini.net/buchbeitraege/paramilitarismus-kolumbien-%E2%80...
https://amerika21.de/analyse/152975/paramilitarismus-kolumbien
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Dario Azzellini: Keine Verdichtung unter dieser Nummer. Das Fenster zu gesellschaftlicher Veränderung hat sich in Griechenland und Spanien wieder geschlossen
Dezember 2015, PROKLA 181, S. 637-648
Editorial: Nur ein knappes Vierteljahrhundert nach ihrer Ausrufung durch den damaligen US-Präsidenten George H.W. Bush befindet sich die „neue Weltordnung“ in Auflösung. Der Konflikt in der Ukraine, die (Bürger-) Kriege im Nahen Osten und der Aufstieg des IS, die jüngsten Fluchtbewegungen, die Weltwirtschaftskrise und die durch sie beschleunigten Verschiebungen zugunsten der BRICS-Staaten (Brasilien, Russland, Indien, China, Südafrika), die Krise in der EU, die Konflikte um natürliche Ressourcen und nicht zuletzt ökologische Krisenphänomene wie der Klimawandel haben die Vorstellung einer friedlichen globalen Entwicklung unter kapitalistischen Vorzeichen und unter US-amerikanischer Führung gründlich desavouiert.
Weiterlesen: http://www.prokla.de/2015/12/11/editorial-prokla-181/
http://www.azzellini.net/akademische-veroeffentlichungen/keine-verdichtu...
Read online:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289252033_Keine_Verdichtung_unt...
http://www.academia.edu/20019463/Keine_Verdichtung_unter_dieser_Nummer._...
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Azzellini, Dario; Castronovo, Alioscia: “Le imprese recuperate in Europa”. In: De Nicola, Alberto; Quattrocchi, Biagio (ed.) (2016): Sindacalismo sociale. Lotte e invenzioni istituzionali nella crisi europea. Roma: DeriveApprodi
Dentro questo lungo ciclo di crisi, in diversi paesi europei, sembrano prendere corpo inedite forme di partecipazione politica e di lotta sociale. Ben lungi dall’essere semplicemente reazioni difensive contro le politiche di austerità, di smantellamento del welfare state universale, di compressione dei salari, di aumento della precarizzazione del lavoro e dell’impoverimento, queste lotte presentano un carico di sperimentazione e innovazione capace forse di imprimere una nuova fisionomia alle forme di organizzazione dei conflitti sociali. Pratiche di riappropriazione del reddito e autogestione dei servizi, esperimenti di mutualismo, nuove forme di conflitti sul lavoro e per il salario, esperienze costituenti di nuove istituzionali autonome, fino ad arrivare all’ipotesi di costruzione di inedite soggettività politiche che reinventano lo spazio della rappresentanza istituzionale e del governo.
Contributi di: Adalgiso Amendola, Marco Assennato, Dario Azzellini e Alioscia Castronovo, Alberto De Nicola e Biagio Quattrocchi, Veronica Gago e Sandro Mezzadra, Michael Hardt, Toni Negri, Francesco Raparelli e Cristian Sica, Raúl Sanchez Cedilo e Lotta Meri Pirita Tenhunen.
http://www.azzellini.net/node/2954
http://www.deriveapprodi.org/2016/05/sindacalismo-sociale/
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3. Reviews (English)
September 2015, Journal of Economic and Social Thought
Donny Gluckstein: "An alternative Labour History"
This book covers a wide variety of proletarian struggles to take control of the workplace from capitalists. This extends over a century - from the Austrian revolution in 1919 to recent events in Greece. It also covers theoretical questions (such as Pannekoek's council communism) to the practical issues faced by workers' cooperatives attempting to compete in the market place. The geographical spread from places as far apart as Brazil, Canada, Chile, Japan, Mexico, Italy, and Uruguay presents a little known history. Although the numerous authors do not offer a single perspective, the book posits both an alternative to parliamentary social democracy and those who ignore the working class as a factor in social transformation. Inevitably these experiences have succumbed to the surrounding capitalist environment but they point both to the persistence of striving for direct democracy and its potential as a real alternative to the current system.
http://www.azzellini.net/node/2911
http://kspjournals.org/index.php/JEST/article/view/466/504
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September 2015, tribunemagazine.org
Sheila Cohen: Inspirational stories of workers’ struggles in the battle for workplace democracy
This collection has already received copious commendation, with compliments ranging from “a resource for comprehending the past and conceptualizing the future” to “a must-read for those seeking fresh ways out of the current global morass”.
Indeed, reports on remarkable grass-roots struggles in country after country flash before the eager reader like beacons of independent action. As editor Azzellini points out, such independent waves of struggle are all too often unrecognised. Yet they deserve full awareness by those committed to direct democracy and workplace opposition.
http://www.azzellini.net/node/2895
http://www.tribunemagazine.org/2015/09/inspirational-stories-of-workers-...
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4. Documentaries (English):
Occupy, Resist, Produce – Vio.Me.
by Dario Azzellini and Oliver Ressler, 2015. 30 min.
Vio.Me. in Thessaloniki used to produce industrial glue, insulant and various other chemically derived building materials. In 2010 the workers agreed to be sent on unpaid leave every 4-6 weeks. Then the owners started reducing the workers’ wages, assuring them that it was only a temporary measure and they would soon be paid what they were owed. The owners’ main argument was that profits had fallen by 15 to 20 per cent. When the owners broke their promise to pay the back wages, the workers went on strike demanding to be paid. In response to their struggle the owners simply gave up the factory in May 2011, leaving 70 unpaid workers behind. Later the workers found out that the firm was still making a profit. The losses were the result of a loan that Vio.Me. had formally granted to the parent company, Philkeram Johnson.
Watch the film (Greek with English subtitles):
http://www.azzellini.net/en/films/occupy-resist-produce-%E2%80%93-viome
https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=2Fg2akSUvFM
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5. Interviews and press articles (English/Serbian)
Workers Control in Venezuela and Beyond: An Interview with Dario Azzelini
Marko Miletić | lefteast, March 20, 2016
Could you comment on the results of elections in Venezuela, as well as the situation in that country after the elections?
The results (55 seats for government parties and 112 for the opposition) look so extreme because of the election mode – 80% of the PM’s are elected by majority mode. In percentage it’s around 41% for government parties and 56% for the opposition. Obviously it is still a bad result.
The result has various causes. Venezuela has suffered severe economic attacks over the last two years – shortage of food and other goods caused by capitalist producers, also they are smuggling it and keep hiding production, not producing and all kind of things. That was followed by a campaign of paramilitary groups who have constantly been sabotaging electricity distribution. After the elections Maduro also pointed that out as one of the main reasons for loss. But I think that is a mistake. Obviously, these attacks are serious but we had situations in Venezuela under Chavez when the economic situation was even worse and people did not turn against the government. So the main discontent is not that there is an economic war, but how the government dealt with the problem or whether it dealt with it at all.
Read more:
http://www.azzellini.net/node/2958
http://www.criticatac.ro/lefteast/workers-control-in-venezuela-and-beyond/
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Društvena transformacija zahteva otvoreni put
04.03.2016 masina.rs: Marko Miletić
Dario Acelini (Dario Azzelini) je teoretičar i politički aktivista koji živi na relaciji Berlin – Karakas. Tokom njegove nedavne posete Beogradu i učešću na konferenciji „Vratimo socijalizam u igru“ imali smo priliku da razgovaramo o različitim temama kojima se bavio u svom radu – od toga zašto je Maduro izgubio izbore, preko odnosa umetnosti i politike do radničkih preuzimanja fabrika po Evropi.
Acelini je doktorirao političke nauke i sociologiju, a trenutno radi kao asistent profesor na katedri za sociologiju na Johannes Kepler univerzitetu u Lincu. U svojoj praksi, pisanjima i istraživanjima bavi se mogućnostima radničke kontrole proizvodnje, samoupravljanjem, migracijijama i društvenim pokretima. Jedan je od osnivača portala Workers Control. U saradnji sa Oliverom Reslerom uradio je seriju dokumentarnih filmova o fabrikama koje su pod kontrolom radnika i radnica ali i o društvenim pokretima u Južnoj Americi.
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6. Videos/Audios (English/German)
Dario Azzellini - Production and Common - What are we talking about?
Altra News: 19.03.2016, 16 min.
Commons is determined by the wish of stakeholders to govern a resource together, a principle which contests property rights on this resource. Nevertheless, the term resource is misleading, since the commons depends on activity, on using and taking care, agreeing on rules and finding systems to regulate use and access in order to create a sustainable common. Therefore, there is no commons without commoning (Linebaugh 2008). While originally applied to natural resources, the concept of commons or commoning has been extended to other spheres in recent years. We want to apply this political concept to labour and production in a mainly urban context. For that we recur to a practice coming from the global South, mainly Latin America, which spread to the global North during the contemporary crisis: Workers’ recuperations of closed down companies. In this context it is also interesting to look at how the workers themselves in the recuperated companies develop a link between the social and the ecological question.
http://www.azzellini.net/en/interviews/dario-azzellini-production-and-common-what-are-we-talking-about
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0tWFKVzHbhk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U0CPo9mCPy0
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Dario Azzellini: Building the left from below
25.01.2016 CPE | 53 min
Talk on workers' recuperated companies (53 min. with discussion) at the CPE conference Building the Left from Below in Belgrade, Dezember 2015
http://www.azzellini.net/interviews/dario-azzellini-building-left-below
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T8oC-iGZ9rI
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Watch Dario Azzellini: "Crisis and workers' control"
16.12.2015 Documentation & Communication Teams, Athens Biennale 2015-2017 "OMONOIA"
Synapse 1: Introducing a laboratory for production post-2011, Session I: Alternative Economies, Precarious Labour: Dario Azzellini, Andrea Fumagalli, Maurizio Atzeni
This session explored four institutions of human economy – alternative currencies, cooperativism, urban welfare and commons – and reflected on how these forms can become permanent and sustainable alternatives.
Watch Dario Azzellini "Crisis and workers' control"
http://www.azzellini.net/node/2923
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MY1TICA4wNM
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Rätedemokratie: Alternative zu Parlament und Kapitalismus?
Marx21, Juni 2016, 33 min.
Dario Azzellini
Welche Alternativen von demokratischer Selbstorganisierung der Gesellschaft jenseits des Parlaments und des Kapitalismus können wir uns vorstellen? Ist das Modell einer selbstverwalteten Rätedemokratie dafür tauglich? In dieser Podiumsveranstaltung stellen Autor und Filmemacher Dario Azzelini und marx21-Koordinierungskreismitglied Stefan Bornost ihre Überlegungen hierzu vor.
http://www.azzellini.net/artikel/raetedemokratie-alternative-zu-parlamen...
https://soundcloud.com/marx21
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Gewerkschaftsarbeit in Nord und Süd – VOR ORT 32
Freies Radio Salzkammergut: 08.04.2016, 43 min.
Am 16. März 2016 hatte Sepp Wall-Strasser, der Bildungssekretär des ÖGB in Oberösterreich, zu einem Themenfrühstück GewerkschafterInnen und BetriebsrätInnen eingeladen.
Dabei wurde ein vor kurzem erschienenes Schwerpunktheft des Journals für Entwicklungspolitik "Gewerkschaftsarbeit in Nord und Süd" vorgestellt und mit anwesenden AutorInnen der Johannes Kepler Universität dieses Heftes über die Herausforderungen der Internationalen Gewerkschaftsarbeit diskutiert. Schwerpunktmäßig ging es dabei um Fragen im Kontext mit "Welche Auswirkungen haben Standort- und Steuerwettbewerb, Lohndruck und Migration auf internationale Zusammenarbeit und Solidarität sowie die österreichische Gewerkschaftsbewegung?"
http://www.azzellini.net/interviews/gewerkschaftsarbeit-nord-und-sued-%E...
https://cba.fro.at/312872
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Dario Azzellini
www.azzellini.net
Institute of Sociology, Department of Politics and Development Research
Johannes Kepler Universität (JKU) Linz
